A sudden lack of activity in the MacDefender malware from late June on may have come from Russian police arresting its creator. An investigation by security expert Brian Krebs noted that Russian police on June 23 had arrested Pavel Vrublevsky, an infamous fake antivirus veteran and the creator of online payment processor ChronoPay. Although he had been arrested for bombarding rivals with Internet traffic to shut them down, new variants of MacDefender had mysteriously dried up around the same time.