iLounge is reporing this week that movies rented from the iTunes Store with an iPhone 4 cannot be transferred to iTunes for viewing on other Apple devices. Which means you can only watch that movie on the iPhone 4 used to rent it.
This has been the case with the iPad and the Apple TV. As the iTunes Store terms and conditions points out, movies rented "using the Apple TV or iPad may not be moved." So this isn't unprecedented, and it is mentioned on page 99 of Apple's iPhone User Guide for iOS 4 Software (